Method for preparing the fimbrin protein of Haemophilus influenzae

ABSTRACT

It has been discovered that a vaccine comprised of fimbrin, a filamentous protein derived from the bacterial surface appendages of non-typable Haemophilus influenzae is useful in studying, preventing or reducing the severity of, otitis media. The gene sequence of the DNA coding for fimbrin and the amino acid sequence of fimbrin have also been determined. Vectors containing DNA coding for fimbrin have also been developed, and transformants have been prepared which contain such vectors and which express such DNA and provide a source of pure fimbrin.

This invention was made with government support in part under Grant No. DC00090 awarded by the National Institute of Health. The government has certain rights in this invention.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of the commonly assigned, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/065,442 filed May 18, 1993, now abandoned, and is related to the commonly assigned, divisional U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/457,997, filed Jun. 1, 1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,766,608.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Otitis media is an infection of the middle ear that occurs primarily in children. Left untreated, the disease can result in hearing loss, and developmental delays. It is estimated that otitis media accounted for 31 million of the 130 million office visits for respiratory diseases in the period from 1987-87. Recent data indicate that suppurative and unspecified otitis media rank first in the list of the 30 most common diagnoses requiring a physician's office visit for patients up to age 24. Over one billion dollars per year is spent on treatment of this disease and the related loss of income for working parents is estimated to be between $300 and $600 million. Approximately 83% of all children by three years of age will have had at least one episode of acute otitis media. Non-typable strains of Haemophilus influenzae account for 25-30% of all cases of otitis media, 53% of recurrent otitis media, and are the primary pathogens isolated from 62% of cases of chronic otitis media with effusion. Although non-typable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) are primary pathogens in otitis media, neither the pathogenic mechanisms nor the host immunological response has been fully defined for this disease.

It would be desirable to have a vaccine to confer immunity to non-typable Haemophilus influenzae or to reduce the severity of otitis media caused by Haemophilus influenzae.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It has been discovered that a vaccine comprised of fimbrin, a filamentous protein derived from the bacterial surface appendages of non-typable Haemophilus influenzae is useful in studying, preventing or reducing the severity of, otitis media. The gene sequence of the DNA coding for fimbrin and the amino acid sequence of fimbrin have also been determined. Vectors containing DNA coding for fimbrin have also been developed, and transformants have been prepared which contain such vectors and which express such DNA and provide a source of pure fimbrin.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is an A) Coomassie brilliant blue stained sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electro phoretigram (SDS-PAGE) of: (a) molecular weight standards; (b) total outer membrane protein preparation from NTHi strain #1128 and (c) isolated fimbrin protein from strain #1128.

FIG. 2 is a collection of light micrographs of H&E stained tissue sections of tympanic membrane from immunized chinchillas which received the homologous NTHi strain #1128. Chinchillas were immunized with: (A) control preparation; (B) total outer membrane protein #1128; (C) isolated fimbrin protein #1128; (D) isolated major outer membrane protein #1128. Micrograph (E) shows normal chinchilla tympanic membrane. All micrographs are at a magnification of 210×. The following designations are used to identify the following tissues: Ep--epidermal layer; CT--connective tissue of fibrous layer; MEM--middle ear mucosa; MEC--middle ear cavity; and RBCs--erythrocytes. Tympanic membrane (TM) of control chinchilla (A) demonstrates thickened and edematous CT layer. Note minimal thickening of tympanic membrane relative to normal (E) in B and C. Chinchillas immunized with the isolated major outer membrane protein of strain #1128 (D) demonstrate marked thickening of the tympanic membrane with bleeding evidenced by the presence of red blood cells connective tissue in the (RBCs) and edema in the fibrous layer (CT).

FIG. 3 is a collection of light micrographs of H&E stained tissue sections of middle ear mucosa from immunized chinchillas which received the homologous NTHi strain #1128. Chinchillas were immunized with (A) control preparation; (B) total OMP #1128; (C) isolated fimbrin protein from NTHi 1128; (D) major outer member protein isolated from strain #1128. Micrograph (E) is that of normal chinchilla middle ear mucosa. All micrographs are at a magnification of 210×. EX--exudate; MEC--middle ear cavity; MEM--middle ear mucosa; NB--new bone (osteoneogenesis); RBCs--erythrocytes; CT--connective tissue.

FIG. 4A is a transmission electron micrograph of epon-embedded and thin sectioned NTHi strain #1128 showing thin, filamentous peritrichously arranged fimbriae.

FIG. 4 (B) is a transmission electron micrograph of unfixed, unstained NTHi strain #1128 which has been indirectly immunolabeled with chinchilla anti-fimbrin protein antisera and gold-conjugated protein A and shadow cast. Fimbriae appear as white "rivulets" labeled with black gold spheres.

FIG. 5 is the nucleotide sequence of NTHi fimbrin gene. The deduced amino acid sequence is shown below the DNA sequence. Capital letters correspond to the open reading frame. Amino acid sequences of the amino terminus and an internal CNBr fragment determined by sequencing of the fimbrin protein are single underlined. The ribosome binding site is indicated by double underlined. A stem-loop structure located downstream of the fimbrin gene is in boldface and underlined.

FIG. 6 is a southern hybridization blot/analysis. Genomic DNA from NTHi #1128 parent strain were run in panel A, lanes 1, 2, 3, 4 and panel B, lane 1 and the DNA from the mutant strain were run in panel A, lanes 5, 6, 7, 8 and panel B, lanes 2, 3, 4, 5. DNA that was digested to completion with EcoRI was run in panel A, lanes 1 and 5 and panel B, lanes 1 and 2; EcoRI-HindlII (Panel A--lanes 2, 6 and Panel B--lane 3), EcoRI-PstI (Panel A--lanes 3, 7 and Panel B--lane 4) and TaqI (Panel A--lanes 4, 8 and Panel B--lane 5), electrophoresed on a 1% agarose gel, transferred to nitrocellulose membrane and probed with ³² P-labeled fimbrin gene (Panel A) and ³² P-labeled chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase gene (Panel B).

FIG. 7 Western blot with chinchilla polyclonal antiserum directed against the upper band of the isolated fimbrin protein of the parental NTHi strain #1128 versus: (b) NTHi strain #1128 isolated fimbrin protein (upper band); (c) NTHi strain #1128 total outer membrane protein; (d) mutant strain total outer membrane protein; (e) mutant strain isolated lower band. Lane (a) contains prestained molecular weight standards.

FIG. 8 shows a western blot analysis of: normal chinchilla serum pool in A & C serum obtained post-immunization with which isolated fimbrin protein from strain #1128 in B & D versus total outer membrane protein preparations from Haemophilus influenzae clinical isolates (non-typable and type b): (a) 86-042; (b) 86-043; (c) 1667 MEE; (d) 1128; (e) 1885 MEE; (f) 169 p+; (g) 90-100 L; (h) 90-100 R; (i) 90-111 L; (j) 90-112 R; (k) 90-114 NP; (l) 90-114 L; (m) Mr 13 p-; (n) Mr 13 p+; (o) Eagan p+; (p) Eagan p-.

FIG. 9 is a western blot analysis of cell lysates prepared from E. coli BL21 (DE3)/pLys S transformed with pET3a (lane 1) and pNHF before (lane 2) and after (lane 3) induction with 0.5 mM IPTG. The blot was probed with polyclonal chinchilla serum directed against the isolated fimbrin protein from NTHi strain #1128 diluted 1:250.

FIG. 10 shows the expression of fimbrin protein in recombinant (lane 1) and wild type (lane 2) baculovirus-infected cells. The infected cell extracts were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and western blotting with polyclonal chinchilla serum directed against the isolated fimbrin protein from NTHi strain #1128 (1:250 dilution) as the primary antibody.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

It has been found that fimbriae, which are surface appendages, are produced by 100% of the bacteria recovered from the middle ears and nasopharynges of children with chronic otitis media. Fimbriae appear, via transmission electron microscopy, to be involved in the initial docking or adherence of the bacterial cell to mucosal epithelium.

It has also been discovered that vaccinating animals with fimbrin, a protein that comprises fimbriae, induces an immune response to the fimbrin protein, and protects the vaccinated animal from severe otitis media upon subsequent exposure to NTHi.

Immunogold Localization of Fimbriae

Unfixed, unstained, immunogold-labeled whole bacteria were subjected to low angle platinum-palladium shadow casting to impart a sense of height to the micrograph in an attempt to more clearly resolve labeling of the low-profile NTHi fimbriae with both a battery of polyclonal and singular monoclonal antibody, designated as MAb 4A5u, directed against the isolated fimbrin protein. As shown in FIG. 4, NTHi strain #1128, American Type Culture Collection,(ATCC) Number 55430 NtHi strain. ATCC No. 55430 was deposited with the American Type Culture Collection on May 24, 1994 was labelled with a pool of chinchilla sera collected from a cohort immunized with the isolated fimbrin protein. Such labelling indicated that the immunological response in chinchillas immunized with isolated fimbrin protein was directed against the fimbrae described on 100% of otitis media isolates examined.

Passive Immunization

The protection conferred by an animal's immune response directed against the fimbrin subunit protein was determined in a chinchilla model of experimental otitis media. Chinchillas were passively immunized with 5 ml/kg hyperimmune chinchilla or rabbit serum directed against fimbrin protein isolated from NTHi strain 1128. Control chinchillas received normal rabbit serum or normal chinchilla serum. Next the chinchilla received transbullar challenge with the homologous NTHi, that is, 2.5 to 3.5 cfu/ear of NTHi strain #1128. The chinchillas were examined and rated. As shown in Table 1, the immunized chinchillas receiving immune rabbit or chinchilla serum displayed reduced tympanic membrane pathology (p≦0.05 and 0.001 respectively). As shown in Table 2, the presence of middle ear fluids in chinchillas receiving chinchilla anti-fimbrin protein serum were reduced when compared to controls.

                                      TABLE 1                                      __________________________________________________________________________     Intensity of Otoscopically Determined Tympanic Membrane Pathology in           Passively Immunized Chinchillas Post-Intrabullar Challenge with NTHi           Antisera     Days Post-Intrabullar Challenge (a)                               Group                                                                              5 ml/kg  1 2 3* 4 5  6 7* 8 9 10*                                                                               11                                                                               12                                                                               13                                                                               14*                                                                               15                                                                               16                                                                               17*                                                                               18 19                                                                               20                                                                               21                 __________________________________________________________________________     A   Rabbit                                                                               Left                                                                              1+                                                                               1+                                                                               1+ --                                                                               -- 2+                                                                               2+ 2+                                                                               2+                                                                               2+ --                                                                               --                                                                               2+                                                                               2+ 1+                                                                               1+                                                                               1+ -- --                                                                               1+                                                                               1+                     anti-NTHi                                                                            Right                                                                             0 0 0  --                                                                               -- 0 1+ 0 0 0  --                                                                               --                                                                               0 0  0 0         0                                                                              --                                                                             --                                                                             0 0                      Fimbrial                                                                       Subunits                                                                       1:10                                                                       B   Rabbit                                                                               Left                                                                              1+                                                                               --                                                                               2+ 1+                                                                               2+ 2+                                                                               1+ --                                                                               --                                                                               3+ --                                                                               --                                                                               3+                                                                               3+ --                                                                               --        3+                                                                             --                                                                             --                                                                             1+                                                                               1+                     anti- Right                                                                             0 --                                                                               0  0 0  + 0  --                                                                               --                                                                               1+ --                                                                               --                                                                               1+                                                                               0  --                                                                               --        0                                                                              --                                                                             --                                                                             1+                                                                               1+                     Fimbrial                                                                       Subunits                                                                       1:100                                                                      C   Normal                                                                               Left                                                                              2+                                                                               3+                                                                               2+ 3+                                                                               3+ 2+                                                                               2+ 2+                                                                               3+                                                                               2+ 1+                                                                               --                                                                               1+                                                                               2+ 3+                                                                               3+        2+                                                                             1+                                                                             1+                                                                             2+                                                                               2+                     Rabbit                                                                               Right                                                                             0 0 0  1+                                                                               1+ --                                                                               1+ 0 0 0  1+                                                                               --                                                                               0 0  1+                                                                               0         0                                                                              0                                                                              0                                                                              0 0                      Serum                                                                          Undiluted                                                                  D   Normal                                                                               Left                                                                              2+                                                                               2+                                                                               2+ --                                                                               -- 2+                                                                               2+ 2+                                                                               3+                                                                               1+ --                                                                               --                                                                               1+                                                                               1+ + 0         0                                                                              --                                                                             --                                                                             1+                                                                               1+                     Rabbit                                                                               Right                                                                             0 1+                                                                               1+ --                                                                               -- 1+                                                                               2+ 1+                                                                               1+                                                                               1+ --                                                                               --                                                                               1+                                                                               1+ 0 0         0                                                                              --                                                                             --                                                                             0 0                      Serum                                                                          1:100                                                                      E   Chinchillas                                                                          Left                                                                              1+                                                                               1+                                                                               1+ 1+                                                                               0  0 0  --                                                                               --                                                                               0  0 1+                                                                               0 0  --                                                                               --        0                                                                              0                                                                              0                                                                              0 0                      anti-NTHi                                                                            Right                                                                             0 1+                                                                               0  0 0  0 0  --                                                                               --                                                                               0  0 0 0 0  --                                                                               --        0                                                                              0                                                                              0                                                                              0 0                      Fimbrial                                                                       Subunits                                                                       Undiluted                                                                  F   Chinchilla                                                                           Left                                                                              1+                                                                               1+                                                                               1+ 1+                                                                               1+ 1+                                                                               1+ --                                                                               --                                                                               0  0 0 0 0  --                                                                               --        0                                                                              0                                                                              0                                                                              0 0                      anti- Right                                                                             0 1+                                                                               1+ 0 0  0 0  --                                                                               --                                                                               0  0 0 0 0  --                                                                               --        0                                                                              0                                                                              0                                                                              0 0                      Fimbrial                                                                       Subunits                                                                       1:100                                                                      G   Normal                                                                               Left                                                                              2+                                                                               2+                                                                               2+ 2+                                                                               1+ 1+                                                                               1+ --                                                                               --                                                                               1+ 1+                                                                               1+                                                                               1+                                                                               1+ --                                                                               --        0                                                                              0                                                                              0                                                                              0 0                      Chinchilla                                                                           Right                                                                             1+                                                                               0 1+ 1+                                                                               1+ 1+                                                                               0  --                                                                               --                                                                               0  0 0 0 0  --                                                                               --        0                                                                              0                                                                              0                                                                              0 0                      Serum                                                                          Undiluted                                                                  __________________________________________________________________________      *Epitympanic tap performed postotoscopy on these days.                         (a) Degree of pathology was graded on a 0 to 4+ scale, with 0 = normal         drum appearance and 4+ = severe pathology, perforated drum with discharge      Number shown is average for each group.                                        Group A, B, E-G had 5 animals each.                                            Group C & D had 4 animals each.                                          

                  TABLE 2                                                          ______________________________________                                         Presence of Middle Ear Fluids (MEF) in Chinchillas                             Receiving NCS or CαF Serum                                                             Presence of MEF in                                                             Challenged Ears # pos.                                           Days          ears/total                                                       Post-Inocu-   NCS       CαF  CαF                                   lation        UD        UD         1:100                                       ______________________________________                                         1             5/5       4/5        3/5                                         2             5/5       3/5        1/5                                         3             5/5       2/5        0/5                                         4             5/5       0/5        1/5                                         5             5/5       0/5        0/5                                         6             5/5       0/5        1/4(a)                                      7             5/5       0/5        1/4                                         10            5/5       0/5        0/4                                         11            5/5       0/5        0/4                                         12            1/5       0/5        1/4                                         13            3/5       0/5        0/4                                         14            1/5       0/5        0/4                                         17            0/5       0/5        0/4                                         18            0/5       0/5        0/4                                         19            0/5       0/5        0/4                                         20            0/5       0/5        0/4                                         21            0/5       0/5        0/4                                         ______________________________________                                          (a) One animal died of undeterminate cause                                     NCS: normal chinchilla serum                                                   CaF: chinchilla antifimbrial serum                                             UD: undiluted                                                            

To prepare vaccines for active immunization to NTHi, several NTHi proteins were isolated: the fimbrin protein from NTHi strain 1128; the fimbrin protein from NTHi strain 1885 ATCC Number 55431 NtHi strain. ATCC No. 55431 was deposited with the American Type Culture Collection on May 24, 1994 and the total outer membrane protein from NTHi strain 1128. While NTHi strains 1128 and 1885 have been described herein, other non-typable Haemophilus influenzae strains may be used including the publicly available strains publicly available from the ATCC number 43041.

Isolation of the Fimbrin and the Total Outer Membrane Protein

The outer membranes proteins were isolated according to a modified procedure based on Carlone et al., "Rapid microprocedure for isolating detergent-insoluble outer membrane proteins from Haemophilus species." (1986), J. Clin. Microbiol. . . . 24:330. NTHi strain 1885 and strain 1128 were each cultured as follows. The NTHi were grown for 18 hours in Brain Heart Infusion Broth containing: 2 mg. NAD/1; 2 mg. hemin/1 and incubated at 37 C. in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 and 95% air. Then the NTHi were collected by centrifugation at 4000×g for 20 minutes at 4° C., and decanted. The NTHi pellets were resuspended in 10 mM HEPES buffer, pH 7.4, and sonicated for three 20 second pulses on ice using an Artek Sonic Dismembrator, Model 150 from Artek Systems Corp. at a setting of 60%. The sonicates were centrifuged at 9100×g for 5 minutes at 4° C. The pellets were collected and the supernatant was centrifuged again to recover the crude outer membrane fraction. The pellets were combined and resuspended in 10 mM HEPES buffer and mixed in equal volumes with 2% sarcosyl (w/v) in the 10 mm HEPES buffer. The suspensions were incubated at room temperature for 60 minutes with occasional shaking. The suspension was then centrifuged at 5900×g for 30 minutes at 4° C. and the pellet was collected. The pellets were gently surface-washed with 200 ml double distilled water without resuspending the pellets. The pellets were individually resuspended in 20 ml double distilled water to provide a outer membrane protein suspension. The outer membrane protein suspension was then aliqouted, frozen and maintained at 70° C. The total outer membrane protein isolated in the above described manner, from NTHi strain 1128 was then used as an immunogen for active immunization of animals.

To isolate the fimbrin protein, aliquots of the total outer membrane suspension were applied to large, 5-20% continuous gradient polyacrylamide gels known in the art as "slab" gels. The slab gels were run at 30 mA/gel for approximately 4 hours and rinsed in water. The slab gels were negatively stained with ISS Pro-Green staining system, available from Integrated Separation Systems according to the manufacturer's instructions for 10 minutes or overnight. The fimbrin band was identified via its migration relative to molecular mass standards run in adjacent lanes. The 25.5 kD band was excised from the gel using a razor blade, to obtain the fimbrin protein, although the 37.5 kD band may also be used, if the 37.5 kD fimbrin protein can be reassembled to its secondary structure. The 37.5 kD band contains the fully denatured form of the fimbrin protein. To obtain the fimbrin protein, the entire 25.5 kD bands were excised and cut into pieces approximately 1 cm. in length. The bands were destained according to the instructions provided by Integrated Separation Systems. Next, four to six gel pieces were placed in electroelution tubes and subjected to electroelution for 4 hours at 9 mA/tube. The electroeluted protein was collected in the reservoir tip of the electroelution tube from Bio-Rad Electro-Eluter and membrane caps w/12,000 MWCO. The electroluted proteins were dialyzed against distilled water for about 24 hours using 10,000 molecular weight cut off dialysis membrane available from Spectrum Micro-ProDiCon Houstan Tex. The above procedures were repeated, usually twice, until silver staining of electrophoresed SDS-PAGE preparation indicated a lack of contamination with other outer membrane proteins. The fimbrin protein isolated in the above described manner, from NTHi strain 1128 and 1885 was also used as an immunogen for the active immunization of animals.

The outer membrane protein preparations were additionally observed via transmission electron microscopy of negatively stained preparations to confirm the reassembly of the isolated fimbrial protein into filaments upon dialysis.

Active Immunization

Five cohorts of 10 chinchillas each were actively immunized with either a saline control preparation or one of the following immunogens: a total outer membrane protein preparation from strain #1128; isolated fimbrin protein from NTHi strain #1128; isolated fimbrin protein from NTHi strain #1885; or an isolated major outer membrane protein approximately 40.5 kDa which constitutes the predominate outer membrane protein of strain #1128 but which is unrelated to the fimbrin subunit. The 40.5 kD major outer membrane is also known in the art as the "P2" protein. All immunogens were assessed for endotoxin content prior to their use as an immunogen via a chromogenic Amoebocyte Lysate assay which is commercially available from Whittaker Bioproducts under the designation QCL-1000. The chinchillas were subcutaneously injected with 100 μg immunogen in complete Freund's adjuvant. Then 30 days later they received 50 μg of the same immunogen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Following the second immunization, these five cohorts were divided into two groups each and challenged transbullarly with either strain #1128 or #1885. The chinchillas were assessed over a 4-week period for: tympanic membrane pathology by otoscopic examination; semiquantitation of NTHi recovered via epitympanic tap of the inferior bulla; and light microscopic examination of fixed middle ear mucosal epithelium and tympanic membrane for histopathology.

As shown in Tables 3 and 4, the total outer membrane protein preparation and isolated fimbrin protein from strain #1128 were equally effective in significantly reducing tympanic membrane pathology (p≦0.001) for chinchillas challenged with the homologous fimbriated NTHi strain that is with NTHi strain 1128. Immunization with total outer membrane protein from strain 1128 also protected against the heterologous challenge with NTHi strain 1885 (p≦0.001) and was more likely to render middle ears effusion-free or culture-negative than immunization with the fimbrin protein. Immunization with fimbrin protein derived from strain 1885 was somewhat less protective against both homologous challenge (p≦0.01) and heterologous challenge (p≦0.02). Immunization with the major outer membrane protein, weighing approximately 40.5 kDa, did not protect against challenge with either strain 1128 or 1885. Indeed chinchillas receiving the approximately 40.5 kDa major outer membrane protein demonstrated significantly worse tympanic membrane pathology upon otoscopy (p≦0.005).

The chinchillas immunized with the control saline preparation demonstrated moderate histopathology of both tympanic membranes and middle ear mucosa. As shown in FIG. 2, tympanic membranes were thickened with an edematous fibrous layer, whereas middle ear mucosa specimens demonstrated minimal thickening of the mucosa, osteoneogenesis and the presence of both red blood cells and inflammatory cells in the subepithelial space. A dense polymorphonuclear leukocytic exudate was present in the middle ear cavity.

Chinchillas immunized with either total outer membrane protein, or fimbrin protein isolated from NTHi strain 1128 demonstrated reduced tympanic membrane histopathology compared to the control chinchillas. The administration of total outer membrane protein, rather than fimbrin protein, more often resulted in effusion-free ears or sterile effusions. As shown in FIG. 3, the administration of total outer membrane protein resulted in an absence of a polymorphonuclear leukocytic comprised exudate overlying the middle ear cavity. FIG. 3 reveals minimal thickening of mucosal layer in control chinchillas (A) relative to normal (E). There is a dense polymorphonuclear leukocytic exudate present in the middle ear cavity which is typically seen post-induction of otitis media with NTHi. Chinchillas immunized with total outer membrane protein (B) demonstrate significant thickening of the CT layer of the mucosa with bleeding into the subepithelial space as evidenced by the presence of red blood cells and some new bone formation. Chinchillas immunized with fimbrin protein (C) are similar to those immunized with total outer membrane protein (B) but with the addition of a predominantly polymorphonuclear leukocyte comprised exudate in the middle ear cavity. Chinchillas immunized with the isolated major outer membrane protein of strain 1128 (D) demonstrated similarly inflamed middle ear mucosa (as did all NTHi-challenged chinchillas) with the additional of extensive osteoneogenesis, a more predominant mononuclear character to the exudate and evidence of focal desquamation of the epithelial layer of the middle ear membrane, the severity of which was not seen in other cohorts.

Thus antibodies induced by vaccination with fimbrin or outer membrane protein and directed against fimbrin protein contribute to protection against NTHi-induced otitis media.

Since the fimbrin protein, whether isolated from NTHi or present as a component in a total outer membrane protein preparation, provides protection against otitis media by active and passive immunization, it is suitable for use immunization agent. In order to afford the broadest range of protection, a vaccinogen should elicit an immune response that is both protective and broadly cross-reactive. Since there is considerable heterogeneity among otitis media isolates of NTHi, total outer membrane proteins were isolated from the bacterial outer membranes of 15 randomly selected type b and non-typable clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae. To determine the extent of protection and cross reactivity of the vaccine, the bacterial outer membranes were solubilized in detergent and subjected to a Western blot of SDS-PAGE with polyclonal chinchilla antiserum directed against the isolated fimbrin protein from NTHi strain 1128. As shown in FIG. 8, the Western blot showed that the polyclonal chinchilla antiserum recognized similarly migrating bands in all 15 of the bacterial outer membrane isolates indicating that the fimbrin protein in each of the 15 strains are serologically related. Therefore, the fimbrin proteins from the 15 different strains share common epitopes. Thus, fimbrin isolated from NTHi 1128 strain is a particularly suitable immunogen to protect against the different non-typable H. influenzae that cause otitis media.

                                      TABLE 3                                      __________________________________________________________________________     Active Immunization Trial                                                      Average Tympanic Membrane Pathology (n = 5 ears)                               Challenge                                                                      NTHi       Days Post-Intrabullar Challenge                                     Immunogen                                                                            Strain                                                                              1*                                                                               2 3*                                                                               4 7*                                                                               8 9 10*                                                                               11                                                                               14*                                                                               15                                                                               16                                                                               17*                                                                               18                                                                               28                                   __________________________________________________________________________     Control                                                                              1128 2+                                                                               2+                                                                               2+                                                                               3+                                                                               2+                                                                               3+                                                                               3+                                                                               3+ 3+                                                                               3+ 2+                                                                               2+                                                                               2+ 3+                                                                               2+                                         1885 1+                                                                               1+                                                                               2+                                                                               1+                                                                               2+                                                                               2+                                                                               2+                                                                               2+ 1+                                                                               2+ 2+                                                                               1+                                                                               2+ 1+                                                                               1+                                   NTHi  1128 1+                                                                               2+                                                                               2+                                                                               2+                                                                               2+                                                                               2+                                                                               2+                                                                               2+ 2+                                                                               1+ 1+                                                                               1+                                                                               1+ 1+                                                                               1+                                   #1128 1885 1+                                                                               2+                                                                               2+                                                                               1+                                                                               1+                                                                               1+                                                                               1+                                                                               1+ 1+                                                                               1+ 1+                                                                               1+                                                                               0  0 0                                    total OMP                                                                      NTHi  1128 2+                                                                               3+                                                                               4+                                                                               3+                                                                               3+                                                                               3+                                                                               3+                                                                               3+ 3+                                                                               3+ 3+                                                                               3+                                                                               3+ 3+                                                                               3+                                   #1128 1885 1+                                                                               2+                                                                               3+                                                                               2+                                                                               3+                                                                               3+                                                                               3+                                                                               3+ 3+                                                                               3+ 3+                                                                               2+                                                                               2+ 2+                                                                               2+                                   major OMP                                                                      NTHi  1128 2+                                                                               2+                                                                               1+                                                                               2+                                                                               2+                                                                               1+                                                                               1+                                                                               1+ 1+                                                                               1+ 1+                                                                               2+                                                                               1+ 1+                                                                               0                                    #1128 1885 1+                                                                               2+                                                                               2+                                                                               2+                                                                               2+                                                                               2+                                                                               2+                                                                               2+ 2+                                                                               2+ 2+                                                                               2+                                                                               2+ 2+                                                                               1+                                   fimbrial                                                                       protein                                                                        NTHi  1128 2+                                                                               3+                                                                               3+                                                                               3+                                                                               3+                                                                               3+                                                                               4+                                                                               3+ 3+                                                                               3+ 3+                                                                               3+                                                                               2+ 2+                                                                               1+                                   #1885 1885 1+                                                                               1+                                                                               1+                                                                               1+                                                                               1+                                                                               1+                                                                               1+                                                                               1+ 1+                                                                               1+ 1+                                                                               1+                                                                               1+ 1+                                                                               0                                    fimbrial                                                                       protein                                                                        __________________________________________________________________________      Challenge dose: 2.5-3.5 E 3 c.f.u.                                             *Denotes day of epitympanic tap                                                OMP -- outer membrane protein                                            

                  TABLE 4                                                          ______________________________________                                         Active Immunization Trial                                                      Statistical Comparison by Group                                                            NTHi                 Status                                                    Challenge            Relative to                                   Immunogen   Strain      p-value  control                                       ______________________________________                                         Control     1128        ND                                                     1128 total OMP          p ≦ 0.001                                                                        +                                             1128 major OMP          p ≦ 0.005                                                                        -                                             1128 fimb. prot.        p ≦ 0.001                                                                        +                                             1885 fimb. prot.        p ≦ 0.002                                                                        NS                                            Control     1885        ND                                                     1128 total OMP          p ≦ 0.001                                                                        +                                             1128 major OMP          p ≦ 0.001                                                                        -                                             1128 fimb. prot.        p ≦ 0.13                                                                         NS                                            1885 fimb. prot.        p ≦ 0.01                                                                         +                                             ______________________________________                                          + indicates less tympanic membrane pathology relative to control               - indicates greater tympanic membrane pathology relative to control            "p" indicate probability                                                 

Cloning and Sequencing of the Fimbrin Gene

Chromosomal DNA isolated from NTHi strain 1128 was sheared by sonication and DNA fragments ranging from 2 to 5 kb were isolated using a 1% agrose gel. The fragments were attached to the Not-EcoRI linker-adapters from Stratogene Co and ligated with λgt11 arms from Stratogene Co. The ligated DNA was packaged in vitro into lambda particles by using Gigapack Plus from Stratagene according to the manufacturer's instructions, to provide a genomic library. To screen the genomic library by plaque hybridization, a 624 base pair polymerase chain reaction product probe was prepared as described below.

First the fimbrin protein from strain 1128 isolated as described above was digested with CNBr by suspending 500 ug fimbrin protein in 100 ul of 70% formic acid with 500 ug CNBr in 70% formic acid and 5 ug tryptophan. The digested protein was recovered and rinsed several times with distilled water.

The digested protein fragments were applied to a polyacrylamide gel then run at the same conditions as described above, then transferred to an Imobilon membrane from Millipore Co. All bands containing above about 2 picograms were excised, then the protein fragments were commercially sequenced by University of Southern California, at Riverside, using an applied Biosystems 475 A pulsed liquid protein sequencer and Applied Biosystems Computing Integrator. The two most predominant bands containing the protein fragments produced the N-terminus and an internal peptide which yielded the following two sequences of 20 and 15 amino acids respectively: APQENTFYAGVKAGQGSFHD SEQ.ID.NO.3 and VSKTFSLNSDVTFAF SEQ.ID.NO.4. Based on these amino acid sequences, two nucleotide sequences were synthesized using Applied Biosystems Synthesizer and purified through oligonucleotide cartridges from Applied Biosystems. The two nucleotide sequences were: a 20-mer oligonucleotide with 128-fold degeneracy corresponding to Gln3 through Ala9: 5' CA(AG)GA(AG)AA(CI)AC(AGTC) TT(CI)TA(CT)GC 3' SEQ.ID.NO.5 and a 18-mer oligonucleotide with 512-fold degeneracy corresponding to the Phe 15 through Asp10: 5' AAA(AGTC)GC(AG)A(AGTC)GT(AGTC)AC(GA)TC 3 SEQ.ID.NO.6. The 18-mer oligonucleotide was used as a sense primer and the 20-mer-oligonucleotide was used as an antisense primer to amplify the genomic DNA fragment encoding the N-terminal region of the fimbrin protein. The polymerase chain reaction product was obtained by preparing a mixture containing combining 100 ng genomic DNA, 50 pmol of the 20-mer oligonucleotide primer, 50 pmol of the 18-mer oligonucleotide primer, 10 nmol of each deoxynucleoside triphosphate, and 5 units Taq DNA polymerase from GibcO-BRL in a final volume of 100 μl. The genomic DNA in the mixture was denatured at 94° C. for about 1 minute, then annealed at 50° C. for about 2 minutes, and extended at 72° C. for about 2 minutes. A last elongation step was done at 72° C. for about 10 minutes, to provide a mixture containing the polymerase chain reaction amplified product. The polymerase chain reaction amplified product was run on an agrose gel, then purified from the agarose gel and labeled with ³² p using the random labeling kit from Baringer Manheim Co. to provide a radio labeled 624 base pair polymerase chain reaction product probe.

The genomic library was screened by using the 624 base pair polymerase chain reaction product as a hybridization probe according to Saybrook, Fritsch and Mantiatis (1989)"Molecular Cloning a Laboratory Manual" 2nd ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. The 624 base pair polymerase chain reaction product hybridized with 3 phage plaques from the genomic library. The hybridization was carried out overnight at 42 C. with standard solutions as disclosed in Saybrook, Fritsch and Mantiatis (1989) "Molecular Cloning a Laboratory Manual" 2nd ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., containing 50% formamide, then filtered. The filters were washed for 30 minutes at 65 C. in 0.1% XSSC and 11% SDS, then exposed to x-ray film. The positive plaques were identified from the radiograms and recovered from agar plugs. The three DNA fragments from the phage plaques were designated clones "λFD 1", "λFD 2", and "λFD 3". The phage DNA was isolated, digested with ECoRi, isolated by spin elution. The DNA fragments were then subcloned into plasmid pUC18 which is available from Sigma. The Haemophilus influenzae DNA fragments inserted into these phages created plasmids designated "FD1", "FD2" and "FD3". Sequencing of these plasmids revealed that they encoded different overlapping portions of the fimbrin gene sequence but none of them contained the full length gene. Plasmids FD1 and FD3, which contain an overlap of 237 base pairs were used to construct a plasmid carrying the complete coding sequence as well as 5' and 3' flanking regions of the fimbrin gene. The EcoRI-HindIII fragment of plasma FD1, containing the 5' upstream region and the first 450 base pairs of the fimbrin gene was isolated and inserted in the EcoRI-HindIII digested and dephosphorylated plasma FD3 to create a plasmi designate "FD".

The nucleotide sequence of the fimbrin gene was determined from the insert fragment in plasmid λFD. Both strands of this insert were sequenced by the Sanger dideoxy-mediated chain terminated method, according to Saybrook, Fritsch and Mantiatis (1989)"Molecular Cloning a Laboratory Manual" 2nd ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., using the commercially available sequencer Sequence 2.0 from U.S. Biochemical Co. The DNA sequence SEQ.ID.NO.1 and the deduced amino acid sequence SEQ.ID.NO.2 are shown in FIG. 5. The entire fimbrin gene contained a 1077 base pair Open reading frame, beginning with an ATG codon at position 406 and ending with a TAA stop codon at position 1085. The Open reading frame is preceded by a putative ribosome-binding site AGGA similar to the consensus sequence for E. coli and beginning eleven base pairs upstream of the initiation codon. One stem-loop structure consistent with a rho-independent transcription terminator is located downstream of the open reading frame. Preceding the coding sequence for the mature fimbrin protein was encoded a leader peptide of 21 amino acid residues with the characteristics of a typical signal sequence. The fimbrin gene is first translated as a precursor form consisting of 359 amino acids and later the signal sequence is processed to yield the mature fimbrin protein consisting of 338 amino acids. The calculated molecular mass is 36.4 kDa, which is almost identical to the molecular mass of the upper band in the SDS-PAGE, shown in lane 3 of FIG. 1A. This band is believed to be the true fimbrin protein. The deduced amino acid sequence for the fimbrin gene agreed with the amino acid sequences of the N-terminus and an internal peptide derived from CNBr cleavage of the purified fimbrin protein, shown in FIG. 5 and SEQ.ID.NO.2.

The open reading frame coding for fimbrin protein described herein can be used to express the recombinant protein in E. coli or other expression systems. Two examples are described below.

EXAMPLE 1

Two oligonucleotides based on the first six codons and the last six codons of the coding sequence of the fimbrin gene served as primers in a polymerase chain reaction to amplify the coding sequence of the fimbrin gene employing genomic DNA from NTHi #1128 as a template. The synthesized polymerase chain reaction product was double digested for 1 hour at 37 C. with BamHI and NdeI and subcloned in the corresponding cloning sites of the expression vector pET3a from England Biolabs according to Alan H. Rosenberg, et al., Gene, 1987, 56:125, and ligated overnight at 14 C., using T4 ligase, to yield plasmid pNHF. The ligated DNA was transformed into E. coli DH5α and the desired construction was verified by restriction analysis with BamH1 and Nde1. The vector pET3a and plasmid pNHF were transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3)/pLysS. Expression of the fimbrin gene product under the control of the φ10 promoter was achieved by induction of T7 RNA polymerase synthesis by the addition of 0.5 mmole IPTG. The whole cell protein profile of BL21(DE3)/pLysS[pNHDF] was analyzed and compared to the profile of BL21(DE3)/pLysS[pET3a]. Western blot analysis shown in FIG. 9 showed that E. coli expressed the recombinant protein.

EXAMPLE 2

Fimbrin protein can also be expressed using baculovirus vector according to Luckow, V. A., Recombinant DNA Technology and Applications, eds., Prokop, A. Bajpai, R. K. and Ho, C. S. (McGraw, Inc., NY) 1991, 1097, in insect cells. A recombinant pBacPAK transfer vector was constructed by cloning the polymerase chain reaction-amplified coding sequence of the fimbrin gene into the BamHI site of pBacPAK1 vector from Clontech Laboratories, Inc. Palo Alto, Calif. following the manufacturer's instructions. After screening for the correct orientation of the insert using Hind III digestion, the recombinant gene was incorporated into the viral genome by cotransfecting insect cells, Sporodoptera frugiperda, with a mixture of wild type viral DNA and transfer vector DNA. Individual plaques were obtained and the recombinant viruses were tested for expression of fimbrin protein. Western blot analysis shown in FIG. 10, indicates that the insect cells expressed H. influenzae fimbrin protein.

The fimbrin protein expressed may be used as a vaccine to prevent and/or reduce the severity, to study, and to treat otitis media in animals.

Insertional Mutagenesis of the Fimbrin Gene

As shown in FIG. 6, the results of genomic Southern hybridization analysis of DNA from NTHi #1128 cleaved with a variety of restriction enzymes indicates that only a single copy of the fimbrin gene is present in strain #1128. The 952 base pair SfuI fragment from pBR325, containing the gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase was blunt ended using 8 K gm phosphatase, from Epicenter Technologies, Madison Wis., and ligated with T4 ligase to the Bst EII digested plasmid FD dephosphorylated and filled with Klenow enzyme in the presence of the four deoxynucleoside triphosphates. This plasmid was transformed into competent E. coli DH5α and the transformants were selected on LB agar containing 100 λlg/ml ampicillin and 25 λlg/ml chloramphenicol. One recombinant was designated "NFM". Restriction enzyme mapping of this NFM strain verified the position of the chloramphenicol cassette and verified that a single copy of the gene was inserted. The pNFM plasmid was purified, linearized with BamHI and transformed into NTHi #1128, made competent by the M-IV method according to Herriot et. al. "J. Bacteriology" (1970) vol. 101 pp. 517-524, which is incorporated herein by reference. Mutants were selected on supplemented brain heart infusion agar containing 2 λlg/ml chloramphenicol. Genomic DNA isolated from one of these mutants and from the parent, 1128 was digested with EcoRI, EcoRI HindIII, EcoRI PstI and Taq I and analyzed by Southern hybridization. EcoRI and Taq I cleave once inside the chloramphenicol gene and HindIII cuts once within the fimbrin gene downstream the point of insertion of the chloramphenicol cassette. The 952 base pair SfuI fragment from pBR325 encoding the chloramphenicol gene and the 1077 base pair EcoRI-BamHI fragment encoding the fimbrin gene, were used as ³² P-labeled hybridization probes. The autoradiograms are shown in FIG. 6. The mutant strain was compared with the parent strain #1128 by western blot analysis with the polyclonal antifimbrial chinchilla serum prepared against the upper band to detect immunoreactive proteins from whole cell extracts. This cross-reactive band was absent in the mutant, as shown in FIG. 7. Coomassie staining indicated two fimbrin protein bands, one at about 37.5 kDa and another at about 25.5 kDa corresponding to the bands in FIG. 1.

This lower band from the fimbrin gene-disrupted mutant strain did not cross react with the antibodies prepared against the 37.5 kD fimbrin protein. Variable degrees of cross reactivity with the 25.5 kD band were seen with the parent. These results suggest that the protein in the lower band can associate with the 37.5 kD fimbrin protein. To determine whether the lower band found in the mutant is involved in fimbriae formation, the lower band from the parent strain and the mutant strain, were examined electron microscopically with and without the addition of the 36 kDa protein. Only the parent strain showed fimbriae and, therefore, the lower band seen in the mutant is unrelated to fimbriae.

Effect of Fimbrin Gene Disruption on Fimbrae

While negative staining and immunogold labeling revealed a fimbrae on the parent strain, no surface appendages were found on the mutant strain. The mutant strain was found to be 32-26% less adherent than the parent strain to eukaryotic target cells.

The pathogenicity of the parent strain and the mutant strain were compared. Ten chinchillas were inoculated with the NTHi; 5 chinchillas received the parent strain and 5 received the mutant strain. Dosage received was: 3.3 E 3 cells of the parent strain and 4.0 E 3 cells mutant strain. The NTHi was inoculated into the left superior bulla of the chinchilla, and sterile saline was inoculated into the right superior bullae as a control. The results are shown in Table 5. While differences in tympanic membrane pathology over time were not remarkable, survival rates were notably different between the two strains. Labyrinthine involvement, that is the effect on the inner ear, manifested by balance disorder was noted in all of the chinchillas receiving the parent strain. In comparison, 3 of the chinchillas receiving the mutant strain developed mild to moderate labyrinthine involvement.

                  TABLE 5                                                          ______________________________________                                         Semi-quantitative Assessment of Viable Bacteria in                             Epitympanic Tap Fluids Post-Transbullar Challenge with                         NTHi strain #1128 and Mutant #1                                                                  CFU/ml                                                       Animal #   Strain Received                                                                             Choc. agar                                                                              BHI                                           ______________________________________                                         1          Parent       >10.sup.8                                                                               >10.sup.8                                     2          Parent       >10.sup.8                                                                               >10.sup.8                                     3          Parent       2.1 E 7  6.7 E 6                                       4          Parent       >10.sup.8                                                                               2.0 E 7                                       5          Parent       Dry      Dry                                           6          Mutant       Dry      Dry                                           7          Mutant       Dry      Dry                                           8          Mutant       2.9 E 6  4.8 E 4                                       9          Mutant       6.9 E 5  4.1 E 4                                       10         Mutant       1.4 E 5  2.5 E 4                                       ______________________________________                                          *Tap performed 4 days postinoculation of left middle ear of all                chinchillas.                                                             

In an intranasal challenge study, 12 chinchillas were inoculated via passive inhalation of approximately 10⁸ cfu of either the parent strain or mutant strain. Assessment of tympanic membrane pathology, shown in Table 7, indicated significantly reduced pathology in chinchillas inoculated with the mutant strain. Labyrinthine involvement was markedly reduced in chinchillas receiving the mutant strain. By day 13 there were only 3 chinchillas left alive in the parent cohort compared to 6 in the mutant cohort.

Thus, the ability of the mutant strain to gain access to, survive and multiply in the middle ear cleft was significantly hampered.

                  TABLE 6                                                          ______________________________________                                         Labyrinthine Involvement in Chinchillas Receiving A                            Transbuller or Intranasal Inoculation of NTHi strain                           #1128 or Mutant #1                                                             Severity of Disease                                                            ______________________________________                                         Post                                                                           trans-                                                                         buller                    Se-                   Se-                            Inoc. None   Mild   Moder.                                                                               vere  None Mild Moder.                                                                               vere                           ______________________________________                                         Day 3 *      --     --    --    *    --   --    --                             Day 4        --     ⊙                                                                       ⊙                                                                       *    --   --    --                             Day 5 ⊙                                                                        --     ⊙   ⊙                                                                      --    --                             Day 6 ⊙                                                                        --     ⊙   --   ⊙                                                                       --                             Day 7 ⊙                                                                        --     --               ⊙                                                                      --    --                             Day 8 ⊙                                                                        --     ⊙                                                                       ⊙                                                                            ⊙                                                                      --    --                             Day 9 ⊙                                                                        --     --               ⊙                                                                      --    --                             Day 10                                                                               ⊙                                                                        --     --               ⊙                                                                      ⊙                                                                       --                             Day 11                                                                               ⊙                                                                        --     --               ⊙                                                                      --    ⊙                 Day 12                                                                               ⊙                                                                        --     --               --   ⊙                                                                       ⊙                 Day 13                                                                               ⊙                                                                        --     ⊙                                                                       ⊙                                                                            --   ⊙                                                                       ⊙                 ______________________________________                                          * All animals                                                                  ⊙ One animal                                                       >1 animal but less than all in cohort                                         -- No animals                                                            

    Post                                                                           trans-                                                                         buller                    Se-                   Se-                            Inoc. None   Mild   Moder.                                                                               vere  None Mild Moder.                                                                               vere                           ______________________________________                                         Day 3 *      --     --    --    *    --   --    --                             Day 4        --     ⊙                                                                       ⊙                                                                       *    --   --    --                             Day 5 ⊙                                                                        --     ⊙   ⊙                                                                      --    --                             Day 6        --     ⊙                                                                       ⊙                                                                            --   ⊙                                                                       --                             Day 7        --     ⊙                                                                       --         ⊙                                                                      --    --                             Day 8        --     --               ⊙                                                                      --    --                             Day 9 ⊙                                                                        --     --               ⊙                                                                      ⊙                                                                       --                             Day 10                                                                               ⊙                                                                        --     --               ⊙                                                                      ⊙                                                                       --                             Day 11                                                                               ⊙                                                                        --     --               --   --    ⊙                 Day 12                                                                               ⊙                                                                        --     --               --   --    ⊙                 Day 13                                                                               ⊙                                                                        --     --               --   --    ⊙                 Day 17                                                                               *      --     --    --    *    --   --    --                             ______________________________________                                          * All animals                                                                  ⊙ One animal                                                       >1 animal but less than all in cohort                                         -- No animals                                                            

                  TABLE 7                                                          ______________________________________                                                  Bacterial Count in                                                                             Bacterial Count in                                             Chinchillas Receiving                                                                          Chinchillas Receiving                                 Day      Parent Strain   Mutant Strain                                         ______________________________________                                         3        No detectable bacteria                                                                         No detectable                                                  all but one ear dry                                                                            bacteria all ears dry                                 7        3.4 E 8 (R-#2)  1.0 E 8 (R-#6)                                                 6.4 E 8 (L-#2)  7.4 E 5 (L-#9)                                                 1.3 E 7 (R-#5)  4.0 E 6 (R-#9)                                                 2.6 E 9 (L-#5)                                                                 3.2 E 9 (R-#1)                                                        12       8.2 E 6 (R-#2)  6.6 E 5 (R-#6)                                                 5.9 E 8 (L-#2)  1.9 E 5 (R-#8)                                                 1.1 E 9 (R-#S)  1.3 E 7 (L-#8)                                                 1.9 E 9 (L-#5)                                                        ______________________________________                                    

While the vaccine containing the fimbrin protein has been administered in a carrier such as Freund's adjuvant to chinchillas, other carriers, including pharmacologically acceptable carriers, are also suitable.

The fimbrin protein is also provided to the host animal by administering transformed microorganisms, which contain the fimbrin gene and express the fimbrin protein, to the host animal. Such microorganisms include mucosal pathogens such Salmonella, Mycobacterium, or Adenovirus, which preferably are attenuated. The fimbrin produced by the transformant generates a protective immune response in the host. The transformant is administered in a suitable carrier.

Adherence of fimbriated clinical NTHi isolate to human oropharyngeal cells was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by fimbrin protein isolated from NTHi strain 1128 but was not inhibited by the 40.5 KDa NTHi outer membrane protein. Thus fimbrin protein whether isolated from NTHI such as strains 1128 or 1885, or produced by recombinant DNA techniques, are also administered to prevent or reduce adherence of NTHi to host cells thereby preventing or reducing the severity of otitis media. The fimbrin protein is administered, before or after infection with NTHi, such as by an intranasal spray comprising the fimbrin protein and a carrier.

    __________________________________________________________________________     #             SEQUENCE LISTING                                                 - (1) GENERAL INFORMATION:                                                     -    (iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 6                                              - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:1:                                             -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                           #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 1720 base                                                          (B) TYPE: nucleic acid                                                         (C) STRANDEDNESS: double                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: circular                                               -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)                                        -     (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO                                                      -     (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:                                                    #Haemophilus influenzae non-typable                                                      (B) STRAIN: 1128                                                     -     (ix) FEATURE:                                                                      (A) NAME/KEY: CDS                                                              (B) LOCATION: 407..1483                                              -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:1:                                  - ATGTCACTGA GGATGCGATT AGACCTGGCC ACATGCTATT AACTCATTAA GC - #TAAAATGG          60                                                                           - CAGTCTATTG ACCTAATATC TTAAGGCGTT AATGATGTCG AATTAGATTT TG - #AGCATTTA         120                                                                           - AGAGTGTTTA TGGAGAAATG AGTCAAGAAA GTGTGTGTTT GGATGTTTTC AA - #TAACAAAA         180                                                                           - ATTCAAAAGA TATGATCTTT TCAATTTTAT AGGATAATAA GCGCACTTTT GA - #ACGTTCCT         240                                                                           - TTGGGGTAAA CATAAACAAA GGAATTGAAT TTGTCAAAAG GTAGCAATGA GG - #CAAATTCA         300                                                                           - AACCCTCGTT AAGTGAACTG TTTAGAAGAT AACTTTGATT AAAAGTTCGG TC - #TAAACGGG         360                                                                           #AAA AAA       415ACTAT TCGATGACTA AATAGAGGAC ATCAAA ATG                       #Lys            Met Lys                                                        #                 1                                                            - ACT GCA ATC GCA TTA GTA GTT GCT GGC TTA GC - #A GCA GCT TCA GTA GCT           463                                                                           Thr Ala Ile Ala Leu Val Val Ala Gly Leu Al - #a Ala Ala Ser Val Ala            #      15                                                                      - CAA GCA GCT CCA CAA GAA AAT ACT TTC TAC GC - #T GGC GTT AAA GCT GGT           511                                                                           Gln Ala Ala Pro Gln Glu Asn Thr Phe Tyr Al - #a Gly Val Lys Ala Gly            # 35                                                                           - CAA GGA TCT TTC CAT GAT GGT ATT AAC AAT AA - #T GGC GCA ATT AAA AAG           559                                                                           Gln Gly Ser Phe His Asp Gly Ile Asn Asn As - #n Gly Ala Ile Lys Lys            #                 50                                                           - GGA TTA TCA TCT AGT AAT TAT GGT TAC AGA CG - #C AAT ACT TTC ACT TAT           607                                                                           Gly Leu Ser Ser Ser Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Arg Ar - #g Asn Thr Phe Thr Tyr            #             65                                                               - GGT GTA TTT GGT GGT TAC CAA ATT TTA AAT CA - #A GAT AAT TTT GGT TTA           655                                                                           Gly Val Phe Gly Gly Tyr Gln Ile Leu Asn Gl - #n Asp Asn Phe Gly Leu            #         80                                                                   - GCT GCT GAA TTA GGT TAC GAC GAT TTC GGT CG - #T GCA AAA CTT CGT GAA           703                                                                           Ala Ala Glu Leu Gly Tyr Asp Asp Phe Gly Ar - #g Ala Lys Leu Arg Glu            #     95                                                                       - GCG GGA AAA CCT AAA GCT AAA CAT ACT AAC CA - #C GGT GCG TAC TTA AGC           751                                                                           Ala Gly Lys Pro Lys Ala Lys His Thr Asn Hi - #s Gly Ala Tyr Leu Ser            100                 1 - #05                 1 - #10                 1 -        #15                                                                            - TTA AAA GGC AGC TAT GAA GTG TTA GAC GGT TT - #A GAT GTT TAT GGC AAA           799                                                                           Leu Lys Gly Ser Tyr Glu Val Leu Asp Gly Le - #u Asp Val Tyr Gly Lys            #               130                                                            - GCA GGT GTT GCT TTA GTA CGT TCT GAT TAT AA - #A TTT TAT GAA GAT GCA           847                                                                           Ala Gly Val Ala Leu Val Arg Ser Asp Tyr Ly - #s Phe Tyr Glu Asp Ala            #           145                                                                - AAC GGT ACT CGT GAC CAC AAG AAA GGT CGT CA - #C ACA GCA CGT GCC TCT           895                                                                           Asn Gly Thr Arg Asp His Lys Lys Gly Arg Hi - #s Thr Ala Arg Ala Ser            #       160                                                                    - GGT TTA TTT GCA GTA GGT GCA GAA TAC GCA GT - #A TTA CCA GAA TTA GCA           943                                                                           Gly Leu Phe Ala Val Gly Ala Glu Tyr Ala Va - #l Leu Pro Glu Leu Ala            #   175                                                                        - GTT CGT TTA GAA TAC CAA TGG CTA ACT CGC GT - #A GGT AAA TAC CGC CCT           991                                                                           Val Arg Leu Glu Tyr Gln Trp Leu Thr Arg Va - #l Gly Lys Tyr Arg Pro            180                 1 - #85                 1 - #90                 1 -        #95                                                                            - CAA GAT AAA CCA AAT ACC GCA ATT AAC TAC AA - #C CCT TGG ATT GGT TGT          1039                                                                           Gln Asp Lys Pro Asn Thr Ala Ile Asn Tyr As - #n Pro Trp Ile Gly Cys            #               210                                                            - ATC AAT GCG GGT ATT TCT TAC CGT TTC GGT CA - #A GGC GAA GCA CCA GTT          1087                                                                           Ile Asn Ala Gly Ile Ser Tyr Arg Phe Gly Gl - #n Gly Glu Ala Pro Val            #           225                                                                - GTT GCA GCA CCT GAA ATG GTA AGC AAA ACT TT - #C AGC TTA AAT TCT GAT          1135                                                                           Val Ala Ala Pro Glu Met Val Ser Lys Thr Ph - #e Ser Leu Asn Ser Asp            #       240                                                                    - GTA ACT TTC GCA TTT GGT AAA GCA AAC TTA AA - #A CCT CAA GCA CAA GCT          1183                                                                           Val Thr Phe Ala Phe Gly Lys Ala Asn Leu Ly - #s Pro Gln Ala Gln Ala            #   255                                                                        - ACA TTA GAC AGC GTC TAT GGC GAA ATT TCA CA - #A GTT AAA AGT CGA AAA          1231                                                                           Thr Leu Asp Ser Val Tyr Gly Glu Ile Ser Gl - #n Val Lys Ser Arg Lys            260                 2 - #65                 2 - #70                 2 -        #75                                                                            - GTA GCT GTT GCT GGT TAC ACT AAC CGT ATT GG - #T TCT GAC GCG TTC AAC          1279                                                                           Val Ala Val Ala Gly Tyr Thr Asn Arg Ile Gl - #y Ser Asp Ala Phe Asn            #               290                                                            - GTA AAA CTT TCT CAA GAA CGT GCA GAT TCA GT - #A GCT AAC TAC TTT GTT          1327                                                                           Val Lys Leu Ser Gln Glu Arg Ala Asp Ser Va - #l Ala Asn Tyr Phe Val            #           305                                                                - GCT AAA GGT GTT GCA GCA GAC GCA ATC TCA GC - #A ACT GGT TAC GGT GAA          1375                                                                           Ala Lys Gly Val Ala Ala Asp Ala Ile Ser Al - #a Thr Gly Tyr Gly Glu            #       320                                                                    - GCA AAC CCA GTA ACT GGC GCA ACT TGT GAC CA - #A GTT AAA GGT CGT AAA          1423                                                                           Ala Asn Pro Val Thr Gly Ala Thr Cys Asp Gl - #n Val Lys Gly Arg Lys            #   335                                                                        - GCA CTT ATC GCT TGT CTT GCT CCA GAC CGT CG - #T GTA GAA ATC GCA GTA          1471                                                                           Ala Leu Ile Ala Cys Leu Ala Pro Asp Arg Ar - #g Val Glu Ile Ala Val            340                 3 - #45                 3 - #50                 3 -        #55                                                                            - AAC GGT ACT AAA TAATTTTAGT CGTTTAACGA AAGATTAAAT AC - #AGGAAAAG              1523                                                                           Asn Gly Thr Lys                                                                - GCTTAAACTT CGGTTTAGGC CTTTTGTTTT AAACGAAACT AAAACCAAGC AT - #TTTAATCA        1583                                                                           - AGTTTTAACT TGTGATAAAA TGCTTACCTC GTTTATTTAT AGGAAACATT AT - #GGAAACCT        1643                                                                           - TAGACAAAAT CAAAAAAGCA AATTAGTGAA AACCCCATTC TTATTTATAT GA - #AAGGTTCG        1703                                                                           # 1720             T                                                           - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:2:                                             -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                           #acids    (A) LENGTH: 359 amino                                                          (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                 -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein                                              -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:2:                                  - Met Lys Lys Thr Ala Ile Ala Leu Val Val Al - #a Gly Leu Ala Ala Ala          #                 15                                                           - Ser Val Ala Gln Ala Ala Pro Gln Glu Asn Th - #r Phe Tyr Ala Gly Val          #             30                                                               - Lys Ala Gly Gln Gly Ser Phe His Asp Gly Il - #e Asn Asn Asn Gly Ala          #         45                                                                   - Ile Lys Lys Gly Leu Ser Ser Ser Asn Tyr Gl - #y Tyr Arg Arg Asn Thr          #     60                                                                       - Phe Thr Tyr Gly Val Phe Gly Gly Tyr Gln Il - #e Leu Asn Gln Asp Asn          # 80                                                                           - Phe Gly Leu Ala Ala Glu Leu Gly Tyr Asp As - #p Phe Gly Arg Ala Lys          #                 95                                                           - Leu Arg Glu Ala Gly Lys Pro Lys Ala Lys Hi - #s Thr Asn His Gly Ala          #           110                                                                - Tyr Leu Ser Leu Lys Gly Ser Tyr Glu Val Le - #u Asp Gly Leu Asp Val          #       125                                                                    - Tyr Gly Lys Ala Gly Val Ala Leu Val Arg Se - #r Asp Tyr Lys Phe Tyr          #   140                                                                        - Glu Asp Ala Asn Gly Thr Arg Asp His Lys Ly - #s Gly Arg His Thr Ala          145                 1 - #50                 1 - #55                 1 -        #60                                                                            - Arg Ala Ser Gly Leu Phe Ala Val Gly Ala Gl - #u Tyr Ala Val Leu Pro          #               175                                                            - Glu Leu Ala Val Arg Leu Glu Tyr Gln Trp Le - #u Thr Arg Val Gly Lys          #           190                                                                - Tyr Arg Pro Gln Asp Lys Pro Asn Thr Ala Il - #e Asn Tyr Asn Pro Trp          #       205                                                                    - Ile Gly Cys Ile Asn Ala Gly Ile Ser Tyr Ar - #g Phe Gly Gln Gly Glu          #   220                                                                        - Ala Pro Val Val Ala Ala Pro Glu Met Val Se - #r Lys Thr Phe Ser Leu          225                 2 - #30                 2 - #35                 2 -        #40                                                                            - Asn Ser Asp Val Thr Phe Ala Phe Gly Lys Al - #a Asn Leu Lys Pro Gln          #               255                                                            - Ala Gln Ala Thr Leu Asp Ser Val Tyr Gly Gl - #u Ile Ser Gln Val Lys          #           270                                                                - Ser Arg Lys Val Ala Val Ala Gly Tyr Thr As - #n Arg Ile Gly Ser Asp          #       285                                                                    - Ala Phe Asn Val Lys Leu Ser Gln Glu Arg Al - #a Asp Ser Val Ala Asn          #   300                                                                        - Tyr Phe Val Ala Lys Gly Val Ala Ala Asp Al - #a Ile Ser Ala Thr Gly          305                 3 - #10                 3 - #15                 3 -        #20                                                                            - Tyr Gly Glu Ala Asn Pro Val Thr Gly Ala Th - #r Cys Asp Gln Val Lys          #               335                                                            - Gly Arg Lys Ala Leu Ile Ala Cys Leu Ala Pr - #o Asp Arg Arg Val Glu          #           350                                                                - Ile Ala Val Asn Gly Thr Lys                                                          355                                                                    - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:3:                                             -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                           #acids    (A) LENGTH: 20 amino                                                           (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                 -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                              -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:3:                                  - Ala Pro Gln Glu Asn Thr Phe Tyr Ala Gly Va - #l Lys Ala Gly Gln Gly          #                15                                                            - Ser Phe His Asp                                                                          20                                                                 - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:4:                                             -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                           #acids    (A) LENGTH: 15 amino                                                           (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                 -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                              -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:4:                                  - Val Ser Lys Thr Phe Ser Leu Asn Ser Asp Va - #l Thr Phe Ala Phe              #                15                                                            - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:5:                                             -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                           #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 20 base                                                            (B) TYPE: nucleic acid                                                         (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                 -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA                                                 -     (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO                                                      -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:5:                                  # 20               AYGC                                                        - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:6:                                             -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                           #pairs    (A) LENGTH: 17 base                                                            (B) TYPE: nucleic acid                                                         (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                 -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA                                                 -    (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO                                                    -     (iv) ANTI-SENSE: YES                                                     -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:6:                                  #   17             C                                                           __________________________________________________________________________ 

We claim:
 1. A process for the preparation of fimbrin protein of nontypable Haemophilus influenzae comprising:(a) providing a transformed microbial host cell comprising a DNA sequence coding for fimbrin protein of nontypable Haemophilus influenzae, said fimbrin protein having a calculated molecular mass of about 36.4 kDa 22, wherein the DNA sequence encodes a mature fimbrin protein having the amino acid sequence from amino acid 22 to amino acid 359 as shown in SEQ. ID. NO.2; (b) expressing said fimbrin protein in said transformed microbial host cell; and (c) recovering said fimbrin protein; wherein said fimbrin protein is the fimbrin protein of nontypable Haemophilus influenzae and has a molecular mass of about 36.4 kDa, and wherein the recovered fimbrin protein has an amino acid sequence comprising amino acid 22 to amino acid 359 of SEQ ID NO:2.
 2. The process of claim 1 wherein the host is E. coli.
 3. The process of claim 1 wherein the host is Sporodoptera frugiperda.
 4. The process of claim 1 wherein the host is a mucosal pathogen.
 5. The process of claim 4 wherein the DNA sequence encodes a mature fimbrin protein having the amino acid sequence from amino acid 22 to amino acid 359 as shown in SEQ. ID. NO.2, and wherein the recovered fimbrin protein has an amino acid sequence comprising amino acid 22 to amino acid 359 of SEQ ID NO:2.
 6. The process of claim 1 wherein the DNA sequence encodes a fimbrin protein having the amino acid sequence of SEQ. ID. NO.2, and wherein the recovered fimbrin protein has an amino acid sequence comprising amino acid 22 to amino acid 359 of SEQ ID NO:2.
 7. A process for the preparation of fimbrin protein of nontypable Haemophilus influenzae comprising:(a) providing a transformed microbial host cell comprising a DNA sequence coding for fimbrin protein of nontypable Haemophilus influenzae, wherein the DNA sequence comprises the open reading frame sequence as shown in FIG. 5 and set forth in SEQ ID NO 1; (b) expressing said fimbrin protein in said transformed microbial host cell; and (c) recovering said fimbrin protein.
 8. A process for the preparation of fimbrin protein comprising:(a) providing a transformed microbial host cell comprising a DNA sequence coding for a fimbrin protein of Haemophilus influenzae, wherein said fimbrin protein comprises an N-terminus peptide having the amino acid sequence APQENTFYAGVKAGQGSFHD, SEQ.ID.NO.3; (b) expressing said fimbrin protein in said transformed microbial host cell; and (c) recovering said fimbrin protein.
 9. The process of claim 8 wherein the fimbrin protein is the fimbrin protein of nontypable Haemophilus influenzae.
 10. The process of claim 8 wherein said fimbrin protein has a calculated molecular mass of about 36.4 kDa. 